Publicación: Scale-dependent coupling between galactic cosmic rays and trace gases revealed by multifractal analysis
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Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) modulate atmospheric ionisation and may influence reactive greenhouse gases, yet linear correlations have proved inconclusive. We analyse 74 328 hourly observations (2016–2024) of pressure-corrected neutron-monitor counts and co-located CH and O mixing ratios from the high-alpine Jungfraujoch station using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) and its bivariate extension (MFDCCA). Cosmic rays exhibit a narrow, quasi-monofractal singularity spectrum (), consistent with heliospheric modulation as a single dominant driver, whereas O and CH display progressively broader spectra ( and 0.84). Cross-Hurst exponents exceed unity for small-to-moderate fluctuations, indicating super-persistent joint variability on 1–7 d (O) and 7–30 d (CH) horizons—time-scales compatible with HO/NO chemistry triggered by GCR ionisation. Quadratic fits to the cross-singularity spectra yield half-maximum widths of 0.39 (CH–GCR) and (O–GCR), quantifying a broader amplitude hierarchy for methane. Extreme gas anomalies, by contrast, show weak cross persistence, implicating dynamical intrusions rather than ionisation. Multifractal metrics thus expose a scale-selective GCR imprint masked in Pearson and Spearman statistics and suggest that incorporating GCR flux as a multiscale covariate could improve sub-monthly O/CH predictions. The approach provides a transferable framework for disentangling cosmic-ray forcing from chemical and dynamical controls in other trace-gas records.
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