Efecto antagónico de aislados nativos de laetisaria arvalis y trichoderma koningiopsis sobre cinco especies de hongos fitopatógenos del género rhizoctonia
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Date
2021
Authors
Tirado Jaraba, Raquel Del Carmen
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Abstract
Las plantas cultivadas, frecuentemente son afectadas por muchas enfermedades de interés agrícola, entre estas se destacan los virus, hongos, bacterias y plagas (insectos), siendo uno de los principales agentes fitopatógenos, los hongos que pueden estar presentes en los agrocultivos. Los microrganismos antagonistas contribuyen a la atenuación de los daños que causan las enfermedades, en los agroecosistemas donde existan condiciones para su desarrollo. Estos atributos, en conjunto con la capacidad de multiplicarse abundantemente, se encuentran entre los de mayor importancia para su selección como agentes de control biológico. En el presente estudio, con el objetivo de determinar la actividad antagónica de L. arvalis y T. koningiopsis, se establecieron enfrentamientos duales in vitro para los hongos fitopatógenos pertenecientes al género Rhizoctonia (R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, R. solani AG-1 IF, R. solani AG-1 IA y R. zeae). Asimismo, se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales, correspondientes al Porcentaje de Crecimiento Radial Micelial Medio (PCRM). Se evidenció el incumplimiento de los supuestos de homocedasticidad y normalidad; implementándose métodos estadísticos robustos a través de ANOVA’s bidireccionales para cada uno de los diseños factoriales de cada biocontrolador; lo que nos permitió inferir que los hongos fitopatógenos al tener contacto con L. arvalis ejerce una acción de inhibición de crecimiento de R. solani AG1-IF y R. oryzae. Mientras que, el biocontrolador T. Koningiopsis no presentó acción biocontroladora sobre los fitopatógenos evaluados en el presente estudio.
Plants are frequently affected by many pathogens of agricultural interest, among these are viruses, bacteria, pests (insects), and fungi, with the latter being one of the main phytopathogenic agents that may be present in agricultural crops. Antagonistic microorganisms contribute to damage attenuation caused by diseases, in agroecosystems where conditions for their development are met. These attributes, along with the ability to multiply significantly, are among the most important for the selection as biological control agents. In the present study, in order to determine the antagonistic activity of L. arvalis and T. koningiopsis, dual in vitro confrontations were established for phytopathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia (R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, R. solani AG-1 IF, R. solani AG-1 IA and R. zeae). Likewise, descriptive, and inferential analysis were carried out, corresponding to Radial Growth Inhibition Percentages (RGPM). Evidence of noncompliance with the assumptions of homoscedasticity and normality; implementing robust statistical methods and performing a bidirectional ANOVA’s for each factorial designs of every biocontroller; which allowed us to infer that the fungus L. arvalis exerted an inhibitory action on the phytopathogenic fungi R. solani AG-1 IF and R. oryzae. The fungus T. koningiopsis did not show inhibitory action on the evaluated phytopathogens during the research.
Plants are frequently affected by many pathogens of agricultural interest, among these are viruses, bacteria, pests (insects), and fungi, with the latter being one of the main phytopathogenic agents that may be present in agricultural crops. Antagonistic microorganisms contribute to damage attenuation caused by diseases, in agroecosystems where conditions for their development are met. These attributes, along with the ability to multiply significantly, are among the most important for the selection as biological control agents. In the present study, in order to determine the antagonistic activity of L. arvalis and T. koningiopsis, dual in vitro confrontations were established for phytopathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia (R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, R. solani AG-1 IF, R. solani AG-1 IA and R. zeae). Likewise, descriptive, and inferential analysis were carried out, corresponding to Radial Growth Inhibition Percentages (RGPM). Evidence of noncompliance with the assumptions of homoscedasticity and normality; implementing robust statistical methods and performing a bidirectional ANOVA’s for each factorial designs of every biocontroller; which allowed us to infer that the fungus L. arvalis exerted an inhibitory action on the phytopathogenic fungi R. solani AG-1 IF and R. oryzae. The fungus T. koningiopsis did not show inhibitory action on the evaluated phytopathogens during the research.
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Tirado Jaraba, R. (2021)Efecto antagónico de aislados nativos de laetisaria arvalis y trichoderma koningiopsis sobre cinco especies de hongos fitopatógenos del género rhizoctonia (tesis de maestría). Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar.