El estado de excepción por emergencia económica, social y ecológica en Colombia

Abstract

La Constitución Política colombiana de 1991 consagra tres estados de excepción, los cuales limitan las funciones de algunas ramas del poder público dadas las condiciones que lo ameritan. Estas situaciones son: guerra exterior, conmoción interior y emergencia económica, social y ecológica. Esta última situación fue aplicada en Colombia recientemente para atender coyunturas generadas en el contexto internacional y que tienen impacto en la realidad nacional. Sin embargo, el alcance de estos estados excepcionales no se limita al texto exegéticamente considerado desde una perspectiva legal, sino que debe ser comprendido desde los precedentes establecidos por la Corte Constitucional colombiana en su calidad de intérprete y guardiana de la norma de normas.

The Colombian Political Constitution of 1991 enshrines three states of exception, which limit the functions of some branches of public power given the conditions that warrant it. These situations are Foreign War, Internal Commotion and Economic, Social and Ecological Emergency. This last situation was recently applied in Colombia to address situations generated in the international context and that have an impact on the national reality. However, the scope of these exceptional states is not limited to the text exegetically considered from a legal perspective, but must be understood from the precedents established by the Colombian Constitutional Court in its capacity as interpreter and guardian of the rule of law. Although from a formalist perspective the States of Exception have some requirements, from an anti-formalist perspective they have been hermeneutically expanded by jurisprudence. Thus, in this article are the formal and substantial requirements that from a systematic interpretation must be applied to decree a State of Exception for economic, social and ecological Emergency in Colombia.