AderVax: Factors related to the acceptance or rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine in 8 cities in Colombia for the development of an intervention.

Abstract

Since the pandemic began, the COVID-19 vaccination has faced various challenges, including population hesitancy; these can be explained due to multiple factors that require further exploration. This study analyzes factors associated with either the acceptance or rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine as well as the intention to initiate or to complete vaccination schedules in individuals over the age of 18; individuals from eight cities in Colombia. The study encompasses both urban and rural areas, seeking to develop an intervention strategy. A total of 3384 individuals participated in a mixed-methods study which applied the DESVAAC scale and involved focus groups. Results show that only 11.3% of participants were highly motivated, intending to start or to continue vaccination. The health factor was significantly associated with greater intention (p < 0.01) as compared to social or vaccine-related factors. Greater likelihood of vaccination was also associated with higher education (p < 0.01), greater age (p < 0.02), living with people with chronic conditions (p < 0.05), or cohabiting with individuals over 50 years of age (p < 0.028). Family support (82.9%) and observing others vaccinate (74.1%) were key motivators. Paucity of knowledge regarding vaccines was identified as an important factor, while decisions were also influenced by social, family, and health factors. Also, within the context of a pandemic, there were certain mandatory requirements. The study highlights that community leaders, media and cultural aspects significantly influenced the decision to get vaccinated. It is considered essential to strengthen coordinated efforts between government entities, social leaders, and the community; promoting increased training and education in order to support informed decision-making regarding vaccination within the context of social responsibility. Finally, the psychoeducational intervention strategy VACtívate was designed and implemented; targeting healthcare personnel, social leaders, and health authorities in order to better promote informed vaccination.