This express brief addresses the optimal power flow (OPF) analysis in direct-current (DC) resistive networks with constant power loads (CPLs). The OPF employs the vortex search algorithm (VSA) in conjunction with a power ...

This express brief addresses the voltage collapse problem in direct-current (dc) networks by using a recursive heuristic search algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson method. The determinant of the Jacobian matrix in the ...