This brief briefly addresses the problem of power flow solution for direct-current (dc) networks with radial configuration and constant power loads (CPLs). It proposes a novel iterative method based on the upper triangular ...

This express brief addresses the optimal power flow (OPF) analysis in direct-current (DC) resistive networks with constant power loads (CPLs). The OPF employs the vortex search algorithm (VSA) in conjunction with a power ...